What Are the Different Classes of Assets?

When it comes to investing their money, many people are content to take a random approach.

They may have received a hot tip for a particular investment and decided to plow a large amount of money into it with no regard to the overall balance of their portfolios.

However, research has shown that it is through the careful selection of the various asset classes, rather than the individual investments themselves, that people prosper financially.

One study showed that on average, as much as 91.5 percent of an investment portfolio’s overall return can be attributed to asset class selection.¹

Therefore, the careful selection and distribution of your investments among the various asset classes is likely to prove crucial to the future success of your investment portfolio.

There are five broad asset classes that you should take into consideration when constructing your investment portfolio.

Cash refers to the most liquid holdings in your portfolio. It includes the balance in your checking account, money market funds, and certificates of deposit.

Conventional wisdom holds that you should keep three to six months’ salary in cash to cover yourself in the event of an emergency.

Fixed-principal investments are those that do not put your principal at risk to market forces. Fixed annuities and trust deeds fall into this category.

Debt makes up the third asset class. It includes municipal, corporate, government, and government agency bonds. It also covers other debt-secured investments such as collateralized mortgage obligations.

Equity represents an ownership interest in a business entity; this class covers any investment you might make in stocks or a stock-oriented mutual fund. It also covers any interest you may have in a closely held corporation or partnership.

Tangibles include your holdings in real estate, art, gold, precious stones, stamps, baseball cards, or other valuable collector’s items.

How you choose to distribute your investments among the various asset classes depends on your goals, your risk tolerance, and your expected rate of return.

Keep in mind that asset allocation does not guarantee against the risk of investment loss; it is a method used to manage investment risk.

¹Source: Brinson, Singer, and Beebower, “Determinants of Portfolio Performance II: An Update,” Financial Analysts Journal, May-June 1991